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Section 2 approaches the concepts on Big Data and Big Data Analytics (Sect. This paper is composed of 5 sections, including this introductory one. The data collect from the robust portfolio of articles built is the basis of the discussions proposed. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective of this study and to answer the research questions, a systematic review of literature was carried out using the methodology Methodi Ordinatio. How Big Data Analytics/Analysis can assist in cases of Epidemics/Pandemics? What types of data and data sources are used to assist in the treatment of Epidemics/Pandemics? RQ2: With this study it is expected to answer the following Research Questions: RQ1: Taking into account that in times of pandemics, data are generated in large quantities from different sources, and presenting several characteristics that can be difficult to correlate without a proper analysis, the objective of this study is to identify how BDA can help in cases of pandemics and epidemics. Specifically, in the field of epidemiology, which studies contamination, determinants, and control of health problems, such as outbreaks, endemics, epidemics and pandemics (Last 2001), BDA can be used as a useful tool in studies and analysis on the data generated during the the periodsof their occurrence. The reason is that the correlation of a large amount of data, for instance, can make possible and more reliable to control, monitor and study patients, diseases and epidemiology (Huang et al. 2020), thus enabling the extraction of valuable information generated by different devices (Babar and Arif 2019) connected with the Internet.Īmong the different areas that benefit from BDA, health is one that can be further and proficuosly explored. Thus, Big Data Analytics (BDA) has become a modern practice for analyzing data, and identified as a specific analysis for this new scenario (Saggi and Jain 2018 Eken 2020).īDA consists of a set of advanced analytical techniques, borrowed from related fields, such as statistics, data mining and business analysis, making it possible to discover knowledge from big volumes of data (Saggi and Jain 2018 Ajayi et al. All of these studies have in common the need for data analysis, and commom, or simpler analyzes do not have the same configurations or capacity that Big Data Analytcs can provide to users. It can be employed on the study of different areas, such as, health data, genomes, environment, social media, and commercial activities (Rana and Mugavero 2019). In this context, on a broader approach, Big Data Science is the study that encompasses different aspects of Big Data, including data storage capacity, and analysis speed, for instance. It can be understood as a huge volume of data, with high speed, diversity of topics, and variety, coming from different sources, such as cell phones, social networks, sensors, and other devices, which need specific techniques and tools for their processing (Manogaran and Lopez 2018). Due to its popularity, its meaning is quite diverse. The term Big Data has become widely used to describe the exponential growth of data in recent years (Yu et al. Results shows that there is a fruitiful field of study to be explored by both areas, Big Data and Health. The most common techniques for analyzing these data involve the use of statistics, such as correlation and regression, combined with other techniques. The results showed that the main sources of data come from social media and Internet search engines. The types and sources of data used in cases of previous epidemics and pandemics were identified, as well as techniques for treating these data. The content analysis sought to identify how Big Data and Big Data Analytics can help fighting epidemics and pandemics. For the collection and analysis of data, the softwares NVivo 12 and VOSviewer were used. The rigorous search resulted in a portfolio of 45 articles, retrived from scientific databases. To achieve this purpose, a systematic review of literature was carried out using the methodology Methodi Ordinatio. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify how BDA can help in cases of pandemics and epidemics.
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Big Data, as well as Big Data Analytics techniques, have been addressed in this context with the possibility of predicting, mapping, tracking, monitoring, and raising awareness about these epidemics and pandemics. More recently, with the increase in cases related to these problems, combined with the recent global pandemic of COVID-19, the need to study strategies to treat these health disturbs is even more latent. Infectious and contagious diseases represent a major challenge for health systems worldwide, either in private or public sectors.